Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder is a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings, including manic (high-energy) and depressive (low-energy) episodes. These mood changes can affect daily life, relationships, work, and overall functioning.

Types of Bipolar Disorder

• Bipolar I Disorder – Severe manic episodes lasting at least 7 days, often requiring hospitalization
• Bipolar II Disorder – Less intense manic episodes (hypomania) with longer depressive periods
• Cyclothymic Disorder – Frequent mood swings lasting for at least 2 years but less severe
• Other Types – Bipolar symptoms caused by substances or medical conditions

Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder

Manic / Hypomanic Episodes (High Energy Phase)

• Extreme energy and excitement
• Decreased need for sleep
• Racing thoughts and rapid speech
• Impulsive behavior such as risky decisions or overspending
• Increased self-confidence or feeling invincible

Depressive Episodes (Low Energy Phase)

• Deep sadness or hopelessness
• Fatigue and difficulty concentrating
• Loss of interest in daily activities
• Changes in sleep and appetite
• Suicidal thoughts or self-harm tendencies

Causes & Risk Factors

• Genetics – Family history of bipolar disorder
• Brain Chemistry – Imbalance in neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin
• Stress & Trauma – Emotional stress, major life changes, or substance abuse

Diagnosis & Treatment

Mood Stabilizers

• Lithium
• Valproate (Depakote)
• Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Antipsychotic Medications

• Olanzapine
• Quetiapine
• Risperidone

Psychotherapy & Lifestyle Management

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) – Identifies mood triggers and coping strategies
• Regular sleep, healthy diet, and exercise
• Keeping a mood journal
• Family support and psychoeducation
• Stress management through mindfulness and meditation